PROGESTERONE (Male)

James Cima HORMONES, PROGESTERONE

The purpose of progesterone is to prepare the uterus for pregnancy, as well as maintaining pregnancy. Twelve weeks after gestation, the umbilical cord produces progesterone. 

Progesterone is normally produced by the corpus luteum, peaking during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone levels are the best way to evaluate if ovulation occurred, health of the corpus luteum and chances of spontaneous abortion. 

4-5 days after ovulation, progesterone levels rise and continue to do so in pregnancy for 9-32 weeks after gestation by as much as 100 times that of a non-pregnant female. Progesterone levels in females carrying twins are usually higher then single pregnancies. Progesterone levels used with β-HCG levels assists in assessing uterine pregnancies from ectopic pregnancies. 

Progesterone levels are increased in: 

  1. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 
  2. Lipid ovarian tumor 
  3. Chorionnepithelioma of the ovary 
  4. Molar pregnancy 

Progesterone levels are decreased in: 

  1. Threatened spontaneous abortion 
  2. Galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome (hypogonadism)

Although progesterone is primarily known as a female hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, it also plays an important role in the male endocrine system. In men, progesterone is produced in small amounts by the adrenal glands and testes.

 

Normal Range of Progesterone in Males

  • <1.0ng/mL <3.2 nmol/L

Role of Progesterone in Males

  1. Precursor for Other Hormones:
    • Progesterone serves as a precursor for the production of testosterone and other androgens.
    • It is also converted into corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol) and neurosteroids, which affect the brain and nervous system.
  2. Brain and Nervous System Function:
    • Progesterone influences mood, behavior, and cognition by interacting with the central nervous system.
    • It may have a neuroprotective effect, potentially aiding in the repair of nerve damage.
  3. Reproductive Health:
    • Progesterone helps regulate sperm development and function by modulating testosterone levels.
  4. Anti-inflammatory Effects:
    • It has an anti-inflammatory role, supporting overall hormonal balance and health.